Overview
As many as 75% of women experience genital candidiasis, also known as vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), candidal vaginitis, monilial vaginitis, monilial infection, and vaginal yeast infection during their lifetime. Overgrowth of the fungus Candida albicans, normally present in vaginal flora, causes an allergic reaction that produces symptoms. It most commonly occurs in sexually active young women and is the most commonly diagnosed vaginal infection.
Genital yeast infection generally is not considered to be a sexually transmitted disease, but it is possible to acquire infection from a partner with genital or oral colonization. Men with genital yeast infection are usually asymptomatic.
Causes and Risk Factors
Vulvovaginal candidiasis is an opportunistic infection associated with risk factors that disrupt the body's natural defense against proliferation and infection, such as the following:
- Broad-spectrum antibiotic use
- Diabetes mellitus
- Douching
- Immunodeficiency
- IUDs
- Pregnancy
- Scented feminine hygiene products
- Steroid use
Signs and Symptoms
Itching, burning, and vulvovaginal pain, irritation, and inflammation are common symptoms of yeast infection. Thick, white, cottage-cheesy vaginal discharge may coat the vaginal walls. There is no foul odor. Urination and intercourse may be painful.
Diagnosis
Cultures, a pH level check, and microscopic examination of vaginal secretions are usually performed to confirm the diagnosis and help rule out other possible infections.
Treatment
A single dose of fluconazole or antifungal vaginal cream containing miconazole or clotrimazole is typically prescribed. Creams usually are used for 3 to 7 days. Chronic yeast infection may be treated with oral antifungal drugs for an extended period of time.
Most physicians discourage women from diagnosing and treating themselves with over-the-counter medications, because symptoms may be produced by more serious vaginal infections, such as bacterial vaginosis or trichomoniasis. Some over-the-counter medications contain ingredients that relieve symptoms but do not effectively treat the infection.
Physician-developed and -monitored.
Original Date of Publication: 10 Jun 1998
Reviewed by: Stanley J. Swierzewski, III, M.D.
Last Reviewed: 04 Dec 2007
STDs, Candidiasis, Overview, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment reprinted with permission from urologychannel.com
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